Evolving Einstein’s field equations with matter: The “hydro without hydro” test

Experience in Norsk Hydro with Cubic Equations of State

The paper presents some specific applications of cubic equations of state (EOS) in Norak Hydro and points out some aspects of such equations that one should be aware of when using them or when developing new equations. Is is emphasized that the use of EOS to calculate vapor-liquid equilibrium is inherently empirical. Activity coefficients predicted’ for some systems by the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (...

The Void in Hydro Ontology

Voids are extremely important to water science, because their size and connectivity determines the storage and flow of water both above and below the ground surface. While previous formal theories about voids strictly consider holes hosted inside objects, we generalize voids to also include spaces between objects, and distinguish voids in macroscopic objects from those occurring microscopically...

The Silewanighat Hydro-Electric Project

Small hydro schemes

POWER ENGINEERING JOURNAL APRIL 2002 61 I nduction generators are commonly used for small hydro schemes due to advantages such as availability, low cost and robustness. The cost per kW of a single-phase generator is generally higher than a threephase generator. Hence a three-phase generator, which produces a single-phase output, is normally used. In order to minimise further the capital cost, c...

Dynamic Modeling and Identification of The Hydro Turbine Using Field Test Data (Case Study: Abbaspour Power Plant)

In order to study the stability and fast dynamic of the power grid, modeling and identification of hydropower plant systems such as turbine, governor and excitation is required. Turbine is a mechanical device and usually identified through field tests. In this paper, the identification of the unit 8 of Abbaspour power plant is conducted. The linear and nonlinear model of the Francis turbine are...